Engines
The hovercraft is equipped with two Cummins ISF 2.8 engines, each producing 130 hp. It is possible to increase power up to 150 hp. by increasing the maximum crankshaft speed.
Four-stroke, four-cylinder diesel engine with an electronic Common Rail fuel supply system, with in-line cylinders and pistons rotating a common crankshaft, with an overhead camshaft. The engine has a closed-type liquid cooling system with forced circulation. Combined lubrication system: under pressure and splashing.
The Cummins 2.8 engine (Cummins ISF 2.8L) is installed on vehicles manufactured by GAZ OJSC, in particular on commercial vehicles of the GAZelle Business and GAZelle NEXT family. Due to its prevalence, the engine is well known to services, and spare parts and consumables for it are not expensive and can be easily found in stores. Today we can safely say that this engine is the most common commercial diesel engine in Russia.
The engine is equipped with devices to facilitate starting at low temperatures. To heat the air in the intake manifold, an electric spiral is provided. The fuel filter is also electrically heated.
The Cummins ISF 2.8 engine has very low fuel consumption.
The engines are standardly equipped with a turbocharger with an intercooler, that is, with pre-cooling of the air supplied to the charge. Thanks to the use of turbocharging, it was possible to provide high power and torque with a fairly small volume. At the same time, the presence of a turbine does not impair engine efficiency – its fuel consumption in a car ranges from 8.5 to 10.3 l/100 km, depending on the speed and operating mode.
The engine has a traditional design. It is based on a one-piece cylinder block (made of gray cast iron) and a cast head; the block uses insert milled liners, which facilitates cylinder repair. The crankshaft is also made of gray cast iron and is integral with the crankshaft position sensor pulley and toothed disk.
There is one camshaft, located in the upper part. The engine has 16 valves (4 per cylinder), made of heat-resistant steel, their rods are additionally chrome-plated. The valve drive is traditional, via rocker arms. Interestingly, all valves have the same design, but are not interchangeable. The timing drive is chain.
The engine is equipped with Common Rail fuel equipment from Bosch; the fuel injectors are top-mounted and installed in the central part of the cylinder. This solution significantly simplified the engine without significantly compromising its performance characteristics. In general, the Cummins ISF 2.8 is a simple, reliable and unpretentious engine that has good performance and is suitable for operation in Russian conditions. Thanks to design features, a simple design and the use of time-tested solutions, it was possible to achieve a long service life – the manufacturer claims an engine life of up to 500 thousand km (for a car), but in practice, the engine can last longer with proper operation and maintenance.
The engine is currently manufactured at Cummins’ FOTON joint venture in China.
| Engine type | 4-stroke 4-cylinder Cummins ISF 2.8s 3129T |
| Number of engines, pcs. | 2 |
| Power, hp (kW) | 130 (96) x2 |
| Maximum speed, rpm | 3200 |
| Working volume, cubic cm | 2781 |
| Compression ratio | 16:1 |
| Fuel system | Common Rail from Bosch |
| Maximum fuel consumption of one engine, kg/h | 21 |
| Cooling system | Liquid |
| Dry engine weight, kg | 214 |
The amphibious qualities of the hovercraft are ensured by lifting the body away from the screen by holding the air cushion under the body with a flexible fence. The lift height depends on the speed of the superchargers (engines) and the trim angle.
The hovercraft adopts a two-tier flexible fencing scheme with removable elements along the entire perimeter of the lower
tier and with a flexible receiver – in the upper one.
This scheme allows the removable elements to remain elastic. Those. When passing obstacles, the flexible elements deflect and allow the object to pass under them without resisting its influence.
Only the lower segmental tier, which consists of many independent elements, is involved in contact with the surface. Each element is attached to the receiver with four clamps. Replacement is simple and does not require special tools or skills.
Thanks to the constant air flow in the VP, the GO will maintain the ability to move the hovercraft even if all removable elements are lost. GO material is rubberized fabric based on rubber nylon. This fabric allows you to straighten and take a given shape in low temperatures.
The maximum achievable height of the air cushion is about 0.6 m. The height of the air cushion is measured from the supporting hard surface to the bottom of the housing.
Propellers and blowers VP
The hovercraft’s propulsion system uses two four-blade variable-pitch propellers in aerodynamic fixed nozzles. The variable pitch propeller support unit and the reverse mechanism are located in the pylons of each nozzle. The material of the propeller blades is a composite of fiberglass with an aramid coating. The rotation angle of the propeller blades is controlled by direction indicators installed in the control panel.
Two twin centrifugal superchargers are provided as air cushion superchargers. Air cushion blowers operate separately, each on its own side. The superchargers are mounted on shafts supported on both sides by self-aligning bearings. The supercharger material is a composite of fiberglass, carbon fiber and aramid.
Separate control of supercharger speeds (n1 and n2) and sectioning of air cushion zones allows you to create different pressures in the left P1 and right P2 halves. This property makes it possible to create an artificial roll, which greatly helps during maneuvers and helps neutralize the effect of side gusts of wind. In case of failure of the engine or supercharger of one of the sides, the jumper between the zones is removed and the flexible fence is filled with air from the working supercharger. The hovercraft can continue to move on one supercharger.
ControlDirectional control is provided by turning the steering wheel in the control station and rudders installed in the flow behind the propulsors. Turning the control surfaces provides control torque with the center of rotation in the nose area.
Provision is made for shifting variable pitch propellers from the FORWARD position to the REVERSE position. Shifting is done both jointly and separately using pedals located at the driver’s feet. The separate shift provides control torque with the center of rotation in the stern area.
The propeller speed is controlled, which provides different thrust and creates a control torque with the center of rotation in the stern area. The possibility of hovering on an air cushion at low speeds is provided by installing the propeller blades in several intermediate positions in the range of angles from full forward to full rear. It is ensured that the blade of one propeller is shifted backwards, and the blade of the other propeller is correspondingly shifted forward (work in conflict).
Remote control of the power plant is carried out using levers located on the control panel.
RegistrationHovercraft is permitted to operateFor the transportation of goods for personal and business purposes without the right of commercial operation. Number of seats – 2. Swimming allowed – GDP not higher than “P”. Registration with GIMS. Amateur rights.
Transportation